Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The Network Layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model handles logical addressing (like IP addresses) and determines the best path (routing) for data to travel across multiple networks. The Data Link Layer handles physical addressing (MAC addresses), while the Transport Layer ensures reliable delivery.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: When a P-N junction is reverse-biased, the positive terminal of the battery is connected to the N-type and the negative terminal to the P-type. This pulls the majority charge carriers away from the junction, widening the depletion region and preventing current flow.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) divides the total available bandwidth in a communication medium into a series of non-overlapping frequency bands, each carrying a separate signal. This is commonly used in FM radio and traditional television broadcasting.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Article 32 of the Indian Constitution grants individuals the right to move the Supreme Court to seek justice when their fundamental rights are violated. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar famously called it the 'heart and soul' of the Constitution.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The NOR gate is a combination of an OR gate followed by a NOT gate. An OR gate outputs LOW only when both inputs are LOW. Therefore, the inverted output (NOR) will be HIGH only when both inputs are LOW.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: First, convert speed to m/s: 90 km/hr = 90 * (5/18) = 25 m/s. The distance to be covered to cross a pole is the length of the train itself (150 m). Time = Distance / Speed = 150 / 25 = 6 seconds.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: A Stack operates on the LIFO (Last In, First Out) principle, meaning the last element added to the stack is the first one to be removed. Think of it like a stack of plates. Queues, conversely, operate on FIFO (First In, First Out).
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that the total entropy (a measure of disorder or randomness) of an isolated system can never decrease over time; it can only remain constant in ideal cases where the system is in a steady state, or increase for spontaneous processes.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Optical fibers rely on Total Internal Reflection. The core has a higher refractive index than the surrounding cladding. When light hits the boundary at an angle greater than the critical angle, it reflects entirely back into the core rather than refracting out.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The Sardar Sarovar Dam is a massive concrete gravity dam built on the Narmada river in Kevadia, Gujarat. It is a critical source of irrigation and hydroelectric power. Ukai is on the Tapi river, and Dharoi is on the Sabarmati river.
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